@Article{CoutoPereFerr:2018:NiElRe,
               author = "Couto, Andr{\'e}a Boldarini and Pereira, Carlos Felipe and 
                         Ferreira, Neiden{\^e}i Gomes",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Nitrate electrochemical reduction using modified boron-doped 
                         diamond electrode from Copper electroless",
              journal = "Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews",
                 year = "2018",
               volume = "1",
               number = "4",
                pages = "1--14",
             keywords = "diamante dopado, electroless, redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o de nitrato.",
             abstract = "Modified boron- doped diamond (BDD) electrodes from copper (Cu) 
                         electroless process were produced and characterised aiming their 
                         application at nitrate electrochemical removal. Cu deposits on BDD 
                         surface may promote its conductivity and selectivity increase 
                         mainly for nitrate ions reduction using the flow electrochemical 
                         reactor. Cu/BDD composites were obtained with optimised parameters 
                         to produce high- quality electrodes in suitable doping level 
                         associated with Cu particle deposits. BDD films were grown on 
                         titanium (Ti) substrates from hot filament chemical vapour 
                         deposition reactor. Higher deposit density as well as better Cu 
                         particles uniformity was observed for the highest doped BDD 
                         electrodes. Considering the nitrate reduction, four cathode and 
                         four anode electrodes with 2.5 × 2.5 cm2 were necessary for each 
                         electrolysis. The experiments were carried out by varying current 
                         density, reactor flow rate, and supporting electrolyte. The 
                         process effectiveness was analysed as a function of BDD/Ti and/or 
                         Cu/BDD/Ti electrodes as cathode where the results were monitored 
                         by Ion Chromatography. This analyses showed the highest 
                         electrolysis efficiency for 300 L h-1 flow rates, when BDD/Ti 
                         electrodes were used both as an anode and as cathode 
                         simultaneously. These results were corroborated by X-ray 
                         photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements for electrode 
                         surfaces before and after the electrolysis. This behaviour may be 
                         associated with the lower impurity adsorption on the film surface 
                         due to the turbulent regime used in the flow reactor. On the other 
                         hand, when Cu/BDD/Ti was used as a cathode, the best efficiency 
                         was obtained for the flow rate of 50 L h-1 , which may be 
                         associated to the low hydrogen adsorption on the electrode surface 
                         due to the Cu presence.",
                  doi = "10.9734/JMSRR/2018/43664",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/JMSRR/2018/43664",
                 issn = "2321-6212",
                label = "lattes: 3273084621532688 3 CoutoPereFerr:2018:DoDiEl",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "couto_nitrate.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}